What Is a Pediatric Neurologist?

The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord and nerves. This system controls all the workings of the body, so problems with it can impact a wide range of functions, including movement, development, learning, memory, mood, speaking, swallowing and the senses, such as vision or hearing.

If your child is showing signs of a possible neurological disorder, you may be referred to a pediatric neurologist.

What is a pediatric neurologist?

Also known as a child neurologist, a pediatric neurologist is a doctor with advanced training in diagnosing and treating neurological conditions in infants, children and teenagers. Pediatric neurologists must complete the following:

• Four years of medical school
• One to two years of training in pediatrics
• One year of training in general neurology
• Two years of training in pediatric neurology

Some pediatric neurologists specialize even further by completing a fellowship, which provides additional training in specific areas of child neurology, such as epilepsy, stroke, neuromuscular disease and neonatal neurology (neurological care for newborns).

What will a pediatric neurologist do at the first visit?

During your first visit, the pediatric neurologist may ask about your child's symptoms and medical history and conduct a neurological exam. To make the correct diagnosis, the pediatric neurologist may also order certain medical tests. Some of the more commonly used tests include:

• EEG (electroencephalogram). By measuring the brain's electrical activity, this test can identify seizures. It can also be used to check whether the activity is normal for your child's age.
• Cerebrospinal fluid collection (spinal tap). Doctors may test the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord for markers of infection or inflammation.
• Blood tests. Blood samples may be used to check for infections or genetic disorders.
• MRI or CT scan. Imaging tests of the brain and spinal cord can reveal signs of neurological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis, brain tumors and stroke.
• Cerebral angiogram. By showing blood flow through the brain, this test can help doctors detect blood vessel abnormalities or clots in the brain.

After a thorough evaluation, the pediatric neurologist will recommend an appropriate treatment plan. To ensure your child receives the best possible care, this plan may include referrals to other pediatric specialists or to rehabilitative care providers, such as physical, speech and occupational therapists.